Footlocker

Rakann Ammari Fin 431, Exam #1 February 17, 2010 Foot Locker Incorporated: Risk Prevention Methods Foot Locker Incorporated (ticker symbol: FL) is a U. S. based company that operates worldwide. Their services include the sale of various athletic equipment, sports apparel and products. According to their company background, as of the beginning of 2009 Foot Locker operates roughly 3,600 retail stores in 21 countries worldwide (â€Å"About Us†).Although Foot Locker provides their goods through both local retail stores and an online based â€Å"direct-to- customers† program, my risk management tactics will primarily focus on local retailers and warehouses and their risks. The five risks I have chosen are employee theft within the local branches and through bank accounts, customer theft within the store, physical injuries to customers and employees on Foot Locker property, property damage to Foot Locker property due to obscene weather conditions and the risk of fluctuating p rices of necessary inputs that are used in the production of various Foot Locker goods including footwear.One of the most essential inputs in the production of footwear is rubber. As a risk manager, I must take into account the possibility of the cost of rubber increasing. According to the commodities index ran by indexmundi. com, the price of rubber has increased every month for the past 6 months. In January 2010, the price of rubber increased to $139. 73 from $92. 86 merely 6 months ago in August of 2009 (â€Å"Rubber Monthly Prices†). This nearly 34% increase in the commodity price of rubber could have devastating effects on Foot Lockers cost of production.This increase will potentially increase the cost of producing foot and athletic wear, which in turn will increase retail prices. The need for consumers to purchase high end Foot Locker products will then decrease as retail prices increase. Rubber remains the main input in producing footwear; however the leather used in e veryday footwear is prevalent enough to be looked at. Due to the fluctuating productivity and efficiency during the current economic downturn, buyers tend to be less predictable. â€Å"Earlier, the buyers anticipated sales trend and placed orders well ahead of time.But now they wait to ensure retail off-take before placing orders. Improving speed of operations even as one keeps cost down is important (â€Å"Business Line†). † This efficiency has brought down leather prices. â€Å"Leather prices are also dropping and this contributed to leather costs coming down to 50-60 per cent from 70 per cent (â€Å"Business Line†). † Although this decrease in leather costs could potentially help the cost of footwear production, the main input in footwear production is rubber. As the price of the main input of my product increases, I must be ready to counteract this risk.In doing so, I am also performing another risk by hedging the cost of my inputs. I must be willing to set a pre-determined price of rubber to be purchased from my wholesaler for a set amount time. Although I take the risk of the price falling below my set price, since the prices have increased at a constant rate for the past 6 months my current risk is dramatically lower. By setting the price 6 months ahead of time I, as a risk manager, potentially prevent the 34% loss that could have occurred over the past 6 months. Along with the speculative risk of price fluctuation, there are many pure risks that come when providing goods to consumers.Employee theft is one of the most common risks an employer or company takes on when doing business. â€Å"Every year billions of dollars are lost by businesses nationwide to employee fraud and theft and the number of incidents are rising. † (Schaefer 1). Employees could steal cash, merchandise, and illegally redirect customer account information to a private account. â€Å"A former Foot Locker employee was sentenced to five years probati on and ordered to pay nearly $26,000 in restitution for taking the company’s money to cover his Internet gambling debts (The Maui News). Although a prison sentence and or a large fine may be the consequences of such employee theft, the $385,000,000 of cash and cash equivalents (2009) available for theft seems to lure in potential thieves (â€Å"Balance Sheet†). The $1,120,000,000 in merchandise inventory available for possible theft is a savoring number to employees and even Foot Locker customers. Shoplifting is a prevalent crime within the United States that must be controlled by risk managers.During December of 2009, a Foot Locker in Atlanta, Georgia was robbed when â€Å"police arrested two adults and four juveniles in a smash and grab job. † (CBS Atlanta 1) Unlike employee theft, customer theft is limited to the $1,120,000,000 in merchandise inventory (â€Å"Balance Sheet†). Although the inventory and cash could potentially be recovered from the emplo yee(s) or customer(s) through a lawsuit, as a risk manager I would need to take preventative action. I would create loss control by having surveillance cameras both watching customer and employee actions.This includes surveillance on all cash registers and credit card machines. Also, I would inform both the customer and employee they are being watched and remind them of the potential prison punishment for any crime committed by posting signs throughout the store. For employees I would conduct thorough background checks to prevent the hiring of former high profile convicts. I would also spread the finances among various managers; I would not allow a single manager to keep track of or control the finances of any single retail store or warehouse.Finally, as a risk manager I would follow up on any customer complaints with any banking issues and take into account any reported suspicions by employees about other employee or customer theft. In order to further prevent loss, I would purchas e an insurance policy to insure any outsized amount of fraud or crime committed. Another risk held by business owners is the possibility of a lawsuit by customers and or employees for sustaining bodily injuries. Customers or employees may slip on an unmarked wet spot causing a concussion or other bodily harm.Also, a tall person might hit an unmarked metal shutter or sign. Injuries may range from a â€Å"no problem† scrap or bump to a serious lawsuit involving several injuries. An employee may sever his or her spine after falling off a 20 foot latter while trying to stock merchandise; or be severely harmed while operating footwear machinery within a company warehouse. The potential loss and costs can be irreparable depending on the lawsuit. Several precautions should be set in place. Prior to employment, I would mandate all employees to sign a contract indicating that a lawsuit against Foot Locker cannot be conducted.The contract would include bodily injuries. However, a sever ance package under workers compensation will be rewarded to all deserving employees pending a full investigation. As of 2009, company severance packages totaled $13,000,000 (â€Å"Balance Sheet†). I would also provide training on how to stock merchandise within a retail store; warn customers of a wet floor or potential harmful area; and teach employees how to operate equipment within a warehouse. For customer lawsuit prevention, I would have managers post clear signs where potential harm may occur.Also, I would post a sign right outside of every retail store transferring injury risk to all customers that step foot into a Foot Locker location. Furthermore, I would purchase several insurance packages against high stakes lawsuits from employees or customers that obtained bodily injuries on Foot Locker property. Using these measures reduces Foot Locker’s liability to customers and employees. However, the risk to Foot Locker’s property is always rampant due to prospe ctive weather disasters. The potential cost during a weather disaster such as a flood or a hurricane can be enormous.Although the idea of all of Foot Locker’s stores and warehouses being affected at the same time is highly improbable, the potential can be exceedingly high. The net value (purchase price subtracted by accumulated depreciation) of Foot Locker’s buildings, furniture, fixtures & equipment reached $223,000,000 in 2009 (â€Å"Balance Sheet†). This amount of loss could potentially bankrupt Foot Locker without the possibility of coming back into business. To prevent such a loss, Foot Locker could place their warehouses in locations with a lower potential for harmful weather conditions.Locations that tend to have a hotter climate with low wind gusts are ideal due to the low probability of property damage. Also, I would purchase insurance on all property, furniture and equipment that would covered a loss due to catastrophic weather. A precautionary mea sure to minor damage could be using flood bags during a flood and making sure exposed sections of property are sufficiently covered to prevent wind from damaging interior assets. To add on, in order to protect employees from harm a risk manager should make sure all emergency equipment is working roperly and all employees understand emergency procedures. As a risk manager, assessing risks and developing the appropriate amount of precautionary methods to prevent potential risks is essential. Keeping track of these risks while evaluating the possible loss is just as essential; and a well developed report will help subordinate these risks.ReferencePage Footlocker. com. â€Å"About Us. † 2010.   http://www. footlocker-inc. com/company. cfm? page=aboutâ€Å"Gambling Debts Over Internet Tied to Thefts. † Former Footlocker Theft Case. 2010. The Maui News. 7 February 2008. http://www. aproundtable. org/gamblingsruinedlives/im. htmlIndex Mundi. â€Å"Rubber Monthly Prices. â €  2010. http://www. indexmundi. com/commodities/? commodity=rubber&months=300Schaefer, Patricia. â€Å"Employee Theft a Big Problem. † Business Know-How. 2006. Attard Communications. http://www. businessknowhow. com/manage/employee-theft. htm

Abnormal Psychology Study Guide

Chapter 16 — Personality Disorders Slides, handouts, and answers keys created by Karen Clay Rhines, Ph. D. , Seton Hall University Handout 2: What is Psychological Abnormality? What is personality? Personality is a unique and long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior Personality tends to be consistent and is often described in terms of â€Å"traits† These traits may be inherited, learned, or both Personality is also flexible, allowing us to adapt to new environments For those with personality disorders, however, that flexibility is usually missing Handout 3: Personality DisordersWhat is a personality disorder? A very rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior This pattern is seen in most interactions, differs from the experiences and behaviors usually expected, and continues for years Handout 4: Classifying Personality Disorders A personality disorder is diagnosed only when it causes impairments in social or occupational functioning, or when it causes personal distress Personality disorders typically become recognizable in adolescence or early adulthood . Generally, the affected person does not regard his or her behavior as undesirable or problematicIt has been estimated that 9 to 13% of all adults may have a personality disorder Handout 5: Classifying Personality Disorders Classifying these disorders is difficult because little is known about their origins or development They are diagnosed on Axis II of the DSM-IV Handout 6: Classifying Personality Disorders Those diagnosed with personality disorders are often also diagnosed with an Axis I disorder This relationship is called â€Å"comorbidity† Axis II disorders my predispose people to develop an Axis I disorder, or Axis I disorders may set the stage for Axis II disorders, or some biological condition may set the stage for both!Whatever the reason, research indicates that the presence of a personality disorder complicates and reduces a person’s chances f or a successful recovery Handout 8: Classifying Personality Disorders The various personality disorders overlap each other so much that it can be difficult to distinguish one from another The frequent lack of agreement between clinicians and diagnosticians has raised concerns about the validity and reliability of these categories Handout 10: â€Å"Odd† Personality Disorders People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophreniaBehaviors include extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and peculiar ways of thinking and perceiving things Such behaviors leave the person isolated Some clinicians believe that these disorders are actually related to schizophrenia, and thus call them â€Å"schizophrenia spectrum disorders† Handout 11: â€Å"Odd† Personality Disorders Clinicians have learned much about the symptoms of odd personality disorders but little about effective treatment for these disorders In fact, people with these disorders rarely seek treatment Handout 14: How Do Theorists Explain Paranoid Personality Disorder?The proposed explanations of this disorder, like those of most other personality disorders, have received little systematic research Psychodynamic theorists trace the pattern back to early interactions with demanding parents Cognitive theorists suggest that maladaptive assumptions such as â€Å"People are evil and will attack you if given the chance† are to blame Biological theorists propose genetic causes and have looked at twin studies to support this model Handout 15: Treatments for Paranoid Personality Disorder People with paranoid personality disorder do not typically see themselves as needing helpFew come to treatment willingly Those who are in treatment often distrust and rebel against their therapists As a result, therapy for this disorder, as for most of the other personality disorders, has limited effect and moves slowly Handout 16: Treatments for Paranoid Personality Disorder Object relations therapists try to see past the patient’s anger and work on the underlying wish for a satisfying relationship Behavioral and cognitive therapists try to help clients control anxiety and improve interpersonal skills Cognitive therapists also try to restructure client’s maladaptive assumptions and interpretationsDrug therapy is generally ineffective Handout 17: Schizoid Personality Disorder This disorder is characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and limited emotional expression Withdrawn and reclusive, people with this disorder are not interested in relationships with others People with schizoid personality disorder focus mainly on themselves and are often seen as flat and cold The disorder is estimated to affect less than 1% of the population It is slightly more likely to occur in men than in women Handout 22: Schizotypal Personality DisorderThis disorder is characterized by odd (even bizarre) ways of thinking and perceivi ng, and behavioral eccentricities These symptoms may include ideas of reference and/or bodily illusions People with the disorder often have great difficulty keeping their attention focused; conversation is typically digressive and vague Handout 23: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Socially withdrawn, people with this disorder seek isolation and have few friends This disorder is the most severe of the three in this cluster It has been estimated that 2 to 4% of all people (slightly more males than females) may have the disorderHandout 24: How Do Theorists Explain Schizotypal Personality Disorder? Because the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder so often resemble those of schizophrenia, researchers have hypothesized that similar factors are at work in both disorders Schizotypal symptoms are often linked to poor family communication and to psychological disorders in parents Researchers have also begun to link schizotypal personality disorder to some of the same biological factor s found in schizophrenia The disorder also has been linked to mood disorders Handout 27: â€Å"Dramatic† Personality DisordersThe behaviors of people with these disorders are so dramatic, emotional, or erratic that it is almost impossible for them to have relationships that are truly giving and satisfying These personality disorders are more commonly diagnosed than the others Only antisocial and borderline personality disorders have received much study The causes of the disorders are not well understood Handout 28: Antisocial Personality Disorder Sometimes described as â€Å"psychopaths† or â€Å"sociopaths,† people with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard and violate others’ rightsAside from substance-related disorders, this is the disorder most linked to adult criminal behavior The DSM-IV requires that a person be at least 18 years of age to receive this diagnosis Most people with an antisocial personality disorder displayed some patt erns of misbehavior before they were 15 years old Handout 30: Antisocial Personality Disorder Surveys indicate that up to 3. 5% of people in the U. S. meet the criteria for this disorder Caucasians are somewhat more likely to be diagnosed than are African AmericansThe disorder is four times more common in men than women Because people with this disorder are often arrested, researchers frequently look for people with antisocial patterns in prison populations Studies also indicate higher rates of alcoholism and other substance-related disorders among this group Handout 33: How Do Theorists Explain Antisocial Personality Disorder? The cognitive view says that people with the disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other people’s needs A number of studies suggest that biological factors may play a roleFindings suggest that people with antisocial personality disorder have lower levels of trait anxiety and arousal, leading them to be more likely than others to tak e risks and seek thrills Handout 34: Treatments for Antisocial Personality Disorder About 25% of all people with antisocial personality disorder receive treatment for it, yet no treatment appears to be effective A major problem is the individual’s lack of conscience or desire to change Most have been mandated to treatment Some cognitive therapists try to guide clients to think about moral issues and the needs of other peopleHospitals have attempted to create therapeutic communities Generally, most of today’s treatment approaches have little to no impact on the disorder Handout 35: Borderline Personality Disorder People with this disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity Interpersonal relationships also are unstable People with borderline personality disorder are prone to bouts of anger, which sometimes result in physical aggression and violence Just as often, however, they direct their impulsive anger in ward and harm themselvesHandout 37: Borderline Personality Disorder Almost 2% of the general population are thought to suffer from this disorder Close to 75% of those diagnosed are women The course of the disorder varies In the most common pattern, the instability and risk of suicide reach a peak during young adulthood and then gradually lessen with advancing age Handout 39: How Do Theorists Explain Borderline Personality Disorder? Some features of the disorder also have been linked to biological abnormalities Sufferers who are particularly impulsive apparently have lower brain serotonin activityClose relatives of those with borderline personality disorder are five times more likely than the general population to have the disorder Some sociocultural theorists suggest that cases of borderline personality disorder are particularly likely to emerge in cultures that change rapidly Handout 40: Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder It appears that psychotherapy can eventually lea d to some degree of improvement for people with this disorder It is not easy, though, for a therapist to strike a balance between empathizing with a patient’s dependency and anger and challenging his or her way of thinkingFurthermore, termination of therapy is often incredibly difficult Handout 42: Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder Antidepressant, antibipolar, antianxiety, and antipsychotic drugs have helped some individuals to calm their emotional and aggressive storms Given the high risk of suicide attempts by these patients, their use of drugs on an outpatient basis is controversial Some patients have benefited from a combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy Handout 43: Histrionic Personality DisorderPeople with histrionic personality disorder are extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention They often engage in attention-getting behaviors Approval and praise are the lifeblood of these individuals People with histrionic personali ty disorder are often described as vain, self-centered, and demanding Some make suicide attempts, often to manipulate others Handout 44: Histrionic Personality Disorder This disorder was once believed to be more common in women than in men However, research has revealed gender bias in past diagnosesThe latest statistics suggest that around 2% percent of adults have this personality disorder, with males and females equally affected Handout 46: How Do Theorists Explain Histrionic Personality Disorder? Cognitive theorists look at the lack of substance and the extreme suggestibility seen in people with the disorder Some propose that people with histrionic personality disorder hold a general assumption that they are helpless to care for themselves Sociocultural theorists believe the disorder is caused in part by society’s norms and expectationsThe vain, dramatic, and selfish behavior may be an exaggeration of femininity as defined by our culture Handout 47: Treatments for Histrion ic Personality Disorder Unlike people with most other personality disorders, those with histrionic personality disorder often seek treatment on their own Working with them can be difficult because of their demands, tantrums, seductiveness, and attempts to please the therapist Handout 49: Narcissistic Personality Disorder People with narcissistic personality disorder are generally grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy for othersConvinced of their own great success, power, or beauty, they expect constant attention and admiration from those around them People with this disorder exaggerate their achievements and talents, and often appear arrogant Handout 50: Narcissistic Personality Disorder People with this disorder are seldom interested in the feelings of others Many take advantage of others to achieve their own ends Probably less than 1% of adults display narcissistic personality disorder Up to 75% of these are men This type of behavior is common among teenagers and do not usually lead to adult narcissismHandout 51: How Do Theorists Explain Narcissistic Personality Disorder? Psychodynamic theorists more than others have theorized about this disorder, focusing on cold, rejecting parents Object-relations theorists interpret the grandiose self-presentation as a way for these people to convince themselves that they are self-sufficient and without need of warm relationships In support of this theory, research has found increased risk for developing the disorder among abused children and those from divorced families Handout 52: How Do Theorists Explain Narcissistic Personality Disorder?Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that narcissistic personality disorder may develop when people are treated too positively rather than too negatively in early life Those with the disorder have been taught to â€Å"overvalue their self-worth† In support of this explanation, first-born and only children score higher on measures of narcissism Finally, many sociocultural theorists see a link between narcissistic personality disorder and â€Å"eras of narcissism† in society Handout 53: Treatments for Narcissistic Personality Disorder This disorder is one of the most difficult personality patterns to treatClients who consult therapists usually do so because of a related disorder, most commonly depression Once in treatment, the individuals may try to manipulate the therapist into supporting their sense of superiority None of the major treatment approaches has had much success Handout 55: â€Å"Anxious† Personality Disorders People with these disorders typically display anxious and fearful behavior Although many of the symptoms are similar to those of anxiety and depressive disorders, researchers have found no links between this cluster and those Axis I diagnoses As with most of the personality disorders, research is limitedBut treatments for this cluster appear to be modestly to moderately helpful Handout 56: Avoidant Person ality Disorder People with avoidant personality disorder are very uncomfortable and restrained in social situations, overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to negative evaluation They believe themselves unappealing or inferior and often have few close friends Handout 57: Avoidant Personality Disorder The disorder is similar to social phobia, and many people with one disorder experience the other Similarities between the two disorders include a few of humiliation and low self-confidenceA key difference is that people with social phobia mainly fear social circumstances, while people with avoidant personality disorder tend to fear close social relationships Between 1 and 2% of adults have avoidant personality disorder Handout 60: How Do Theorists Explain Avoidant Personality Disorder? Cognitive theorists believe that harsh criticism and rejection in early childhood may lead people to assume that others will always judge them harshly In several studies, individua ls reported memories that supported both the psychodynamic and cognitive theoriesHandout 61: Treatments for Avoidant Personality Disorder People with avoidant personality disorder come to therapy seeking acceptance and affection Keeping them in therapy can be challenging because they often begin to avoid sessions A key task of the therapist is to build trust Beyond building trust, therapists tend to treat the disorder as they treat social phobia and anxiety These treatments have had modest success Group and drug therapy may also be useful Handout 62: Dependent Personality Disorder People with dependent personality disorder have a pervasive, excessive need to be taken care ofAs a result, they are clinging and obedient, fearing separation from their loved ones They rely on others so much that they cannot make the smallest decision for themselves The central feature of the disorder is a difficulty with separation Handout 65: How Do Theorists Explain Dependent Personality Disorder? Beha viorists propose that parents of those with dependent personality disorder unintentionally rewarded their children’s clinging and â€Å"loyal† behavior while punishing acts of independence Alternatively, some parents’ own dependent behaviors may have served as models for their childrenHandout 68: Treatments for Dependent Personality Disorder Treatment can be at least modestly helpful Psychodynamic therapy focuses on many of the same issues as therapy for people with depression Cognitive therapists try to help clients challenge and change their assumptions of incompetence and helplessness Antidepressant drug therapy has been helpful for those whose disorder is accompanied by depression Group therapy can be helpful because it provides clients an opportunity to receive support from a number of peers and because group members may serve as models for one anotherHandout 70: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Between 2 and 5% of the population has this disorder, with white, educated, married, and employed individuals receiving the diagnosis most often Men are twice as likely as women to display the disorder Many clinicians believe that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (the anxiety disorder) are closely related While the disorders share similar symptoms, researchers have not found a specific link between them Handout 72: How Do Theorists Explain Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?Freudian theorists suggest that people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are anal regressive Because of overly harsh toilet training, people become angry and remain fixated at this stage of psychosexual development To keep their anger under control, they resist both their anger and their instincts to have bowel movements As a result, they become extremely orderly and restrained Handout 77: What Problems Are Posed by the DSM Categories? Some of the diagnostic criteria cannot be observed directly The diag noses often rely heavily on the impressions of the individual clinicianSimilarly, clinicians differ widely in their judgments about when a normal personality style crosses the line and deserves to be called a disorder Handout 79: What Problems Are Posed by the DSM Categories? Because of these problems, diagnosticians keep changing the criteria used to assess the personality disorders Further, some theorists believe that the personality disorders actually differ more in degree than in type of dysfunction Some theorists have proposed that the disorders be organized by how severe certain key traits are rather than by the presence or absence of specific traits

Modern architecture and traditional architecture

Modern architecture and traditional architecture Nowadays, as we known the architectural community has had a strong and continuing interest in traditional and modern architecture. Architecture, this word possesses an immense creativity in itself. Usually, when we hear this word, picture of creative design of physical structures flashes in our mind. Integral to the identity of any country is its architectural heritage, combining modern and traditional architectural designs or product of the blend between splendid modern and traditional architecture.Based on what have found, architecture has been Rosen down into many categories to fit the lifestyle of people in a particular place at a particular time. There are basically two types of architect which are modern architecture and traditional architecture. According to architect Eric Spry, the word â€Å"modern† provokes such strong reactions in the world of residential architecture. Some people might imagine wonderful homes of stee l and glass with open, flowing floor plans; others might imagine sterile homes that feel like museums, complete with men in red suits watching carefully that nothing is touched.Strong pinions abound about modern architecture, as they do regarding the wide variety of other architectural styles. Five hundred years ago, Native Americans was built with adobe and Europeans built with stone. Homes had thick walls, small and deep- set windows, and small interior rooms. Technologies such as steel later allowed large expanses of space and large expanses of glass. In our lifestyles today are considerably different than the lifestyles of 50 years ago, let alone the lifestyles from 100 or 200 years ago. Architecture must represent the way we live today, not the way we lived hundreds of years ago.Remember parlors? Not many would. These were sitting rooms common a hundred years ago where guests were greeted. Our lifestyle changed, and parlors were weeded out. (Discover Modern Architecture's Appea l . Eric Spry). What is a modern architecture mean? Modern architecture is known as the movement of architecture that began in the 20th century, it is also architecture that is characterized by the simplification of forms and subtraction of ornaments, modern architecture can be some of the most futuristic, colorful, innovative designs ever. Traditional vs. Modern Architecture' (Ranches . 011). Modern architecture these days there are so many materials that architects can use to create different effects on buildings. In history, Modern architecture developed during the early 20th century but gained popularity only after the Second World War. For decades, modernism became the dominant structure for institutions and corporate buildings even up to the recent period. Architectures of this type exhibit functionalism and rationalism in its structure. (What is the difference between post-modern and modern architecture?. 000). Characteristics of modern architecture include he functional requ irements of the structure, lesser ornaments used and eliminations of dispensable details, and the application of the concept of â€Å"form follows function†. ‘Comparative investigation of traditional and modern architecture' (A. S. Delia, M. A. Ensnare, T. Zachary Beverages . 2011). Generally, modern design is simple, sober and features minimal accessories. The modern design is characterized with angular frames, low profiles, geometric and abstract patterns in textiles, upholstery as well as in artwork.Natural materials like linen, leather and teak wood are mostly used. The lines are unembellished as well as straight. In modern design, the furniture is often raised from the floor with the help of legs in order to create an airy and open atmosphere. Colors used in modern design are neutral shades that are highlighted with splashes of color. Walls are generally cream and white in color. Floors are mostly made of cement or bare wood. In addition, sculptures and paintings a re used as an integral part of modern design.If you are in the process of designing or renovating your home, you may be wondering whether to include modern design in the design layout. Well, the terms – modern is closely related and people tend to use the terms interchangeably. However, in the world of design and d ©core, both the terms represent distinct and different styles. To be modern a building should be light and airy, it must push technology to its limits even effecting new invention in the process; to be architecture it must provide utility, stability, commodity and delight and all of this done in sympathy with Nature.Being novel is not to be confused with being modern. ‘Sustainable systems in Iranian traditional architecture' Avid Iraqi , Sabina Kabuki Madman . 011). As result, architecture has been going backward since the mid-20th Century because the technology available at the time still has not been fully utilized, for example, space frames, and especial ly the engineering concepts of Businessmen Fuller, such as geodesic domes large enough to cover entire cities and his lightweight temerity towers; such technology is essential to conserve scare resources in order to assure economic growth, as well as to provide for increases in population. Modern & Traditional Houses' can Weiss. 2009). Basically ,a modern home should represent how we live today. It should reflect current construction methods and materials. It should have integrity by avoiding trends. Modern architecture offers an opportunity for an original beauty, not by imitating another style from another time or place, but by considering the present and, with imagination, creating a fresh aesthetic. Secondary, we might ask what is traditional architecture?Traditional architecture is that way of building which makes serious use of the familiar symbolic forms of a particular culture of a particular people in a particular place. It is different from modern buildings because of thei r method of construction, to because of their age or their listed status. Traditional buildings have an appeal due their special character, history and location. Furthermore, when looking for a property to buy it's easy to fall in love with an old building. ‘Architecture – modernism vs. traditionalism' (Lance Baker . 2011).Traditional architecture is the term used to categorize methods of construction which use local anesthetically available resources and traditions to address local needs. Some believed that, by using local practices, such as using local materials in construction, building costs will decrease, hence being economically more advantages. By the professor Lucien Steel, traditional architecture requires a high ethical commitment to the people, their places, their beliefs and their particular traditions. This commitment is not a slavish one, nor is it a servile opportunism.Ethical attitudes are not reducible to the uncritical acceptance of dominant sets of va lues and moral conventions. They require the distinction between civic and private virtues on one hand and willful customs and obsolete practices of false morality and corrupted policies on the other. So if modernity in some way would contribute to discern the most appropriate and the cost efficient, the most human and the most ecological aspects of the contemporary potential, every traditional architect and city-builder couldn't be but a committed modern.Traditional architecture and city-building are based on a positive philosophy of life, on faith in humanity, on respect of environment and historical cultures as a common heritage of mankind, and on an inviolable legacy of genius and know-how from proceeding generations of craftsmen and committed citizen. Traditional architecture and city-building imply a sense of modesty and humility of he individual creator within the sacred creation of the universe, as well as the powerful intuition that concepts of beauty, harmony, Justice, tru th, rightness are embedded in permanence and universality.Tradition forwards a selected knowledge, a tested experience as well as an heritage of models, types, techniques and formal vocabularies. It is a dynamic process, an on-going effort and development, not a static heritage of dogmas and immutable recipes. Tradition shoulders the responsibility of carrying on an inherited culture beyond the contingencies and improvisations of the moment. In order to remain vital, alive and relevant it needs to be earned, consolidated and enriched by each single generation in the perspective of universal ideals of civilization.It implies a constant effort of appropriation of knowledge, experience and cultural values, a permanent effort of intellectual, artistic and material reconstruction. (Tradition and Modernity in Contemporary Practice. Lucien Steel). Traditional architecture are mainly classified as historical buildings that have a lot of character and culture incorporated into them and artis ts were commissioned to put some color into the building giving each one an individual stamp.Now a day's traditional architecture is the widespread form of building since many years, constructed through traditional way of building methods by local builders without using the services of a professional architect. Due to western influence, architects are not using traditional architecture techniques now that are based on climatic conditions. Building materials has different categories from mud- plastered to reed-thatched to timber-framed in accordance with the availability of local material. Some houses are built to withstand earthquakes, while others can be built quickly if washed away by heavy monsoon rains.In some areas where there are limitations of building material, natural materials such as mud, grass, bamboo, thatch or sticks are used, instead of transporting materials from far place which is a blot on sustainability practices, for semi-permanent structures which require regula r maintenance and replacement. The advantages of such traditional architecture are the construction materials are cheap and easily available and relatively little labor is required. As the needs and resources of the people change, traditional architecture evolve to include more durable materials such as tones, clay tiles, metals etc.Though they are more expensive to build, they are very durable structures. In Asia climate has a major influence on traditional architecture. High thermal mass or significant amounts of insulation characterize buildings in cold climates. Lighter materials are used to build buildings in warm climates and designed for sufficient cross-ventilation through openings in the fabric of the building. In areas which have high levels of rainfall, flat roofs are avoided, even in areas with flat roofs, water harvesting techniques are being used. (Traditional Architecture In Asia . 2010)The overall effect of traditional houses is like walking through a well-curates ar t exhibit, where people can admire the buildings. The density of different buildings and stores satisfies the pedestrian's need for visual interest. It is a key part of what we call â€Å"walkabout'. This is what made historic downtowns beautiful in a way that no government or philanthropist could recreate today, and why historic preservationists nurse a broken heart with every lost structure. Traditional and modern architecture have mostly been seen as antitheses, impossible to reconcile, especially in Africa.They appear to belong to efferent ages, utilize different materials and methods, and encourage or support different lifestyles. This essay aims at seeking points where a merging of principles may be attempted between the two positions. Compare from both of them, modern building has very good facilities including toilets, kitchen etc. And more over the design is very different. They are designed according to the requirements and also the life would be much easier there in the modern building. (Traditional vs. Modern Architecture 2011). But on other hand, traditional house have great design too.It is graceful and warm and inviting. It is also beautiful. Of course traditional house can't guarantee that the roof isn't going to leak, the windows are properly sealed and the kitchen appliance is in the working order. Traditional house cannot guarantee for it. ‘Modern apartment building or traditional house ? (Teenage. 2011) The fact that modern buildings are prevalent proves modern style has its own advantages. In my country, population explosion has been a headache and the following problem is where to settle those extra citizens.Since the land is limited, one good solution is replacing those old buildings which occupy large space with tall and thin modern buildings. Also, modern buildings usually have the same and simple structure so that they can be finished in a relatively short time, compared to the traditional ones. As a result, modern buildings au gment the efficiency and make it possible to meet the increasing large demand of house nowadays. Furthermore, as modern buildings are always applied with advanced technology and theories, people can gain more security when living in such environment.But, there are many people still strongly recommend the traditional style. Specifically, unlike the modern style which can be seen everywhere, traditional buildings representing unique cantonal culture only exist in certain countries. In this way, those building can be built for special use like tourist attractions. This would bring a great profit and earn the country a good fame. In addition, buildings with traditional sense are a good way to memorize the past history and display the ancient scenes. As a result of this, some new buildings are necessary to be built in traditional style but not all the buildings.Modern buildings still play the key role in today's society and will gradually expand its affect zone. ‘Some people think all the new buildings should be built in traditional style? (Elise. 010). However, modern buildings often use steel infrastructure, where the interior columns carry most of the loading. Since this type of construction is lighter per floor, they can be built higher, cheaper, and quicker. What are the differences between ancient and modern buildings? Monsoon. 2008). For the opposite, most ancient buildings had load bearing walls, which limited their height, and accounted for the thicker walls.This also resulted in a lot less available window space. In fact in today society, one of the most significant problems accompanying with the population exploration is house problem, so more and more KY-scrapers instead of traditional buildings are built. As far as this phenomenon is concerned, some people think that we should construct much more buildings in traditional styles. Admittedly, there are some reasons for those people who stand for constructing building in traditional way. First of al l, the traditional buildings may possess more aesthetic values and historical meanings.Compared with the modern ones, the traditional buildings contain paintings or characters relating to the past certain age or dynasties; which endow more value to the buildings. Secondly, he traditional buildings often provide more spaces to house owners or renters; thereby making the living condition much easier and more comfortable. (Modern and traditional architecture 2010). However, maybe we do not think that we should build our building mainly in traditional way. Firstly, it is decided by the present social phenomenon that the number of population living in the planet nowadays has never appeared even before.Correspondingly, we have to build most our living houses in a way that never come before. Besides that, constructing our building in a modern way is also an integral part of sustaining ecosystem. Let us try to imagine that if we all build our house in traditional way, take china for example , which traditional buildings are usually one or two layers, and can it accommodate the present 1. 3 billion population . The might be a possible we could build a few numbers of buildings in traditional style which in order to hand down the traditional culture.But based on the social condition, most of our buildings should still construct in modern way. But , can modern and traditional architecture coexist? In today's world anything is possible for example Instead of painting beautiful designs on the wall, en can Just use wall paper instead which can be replaced or removed at any time. The thin line between modern architecture and traditional architecture is that Modern architecture explores mainly with the interior features whereas traditional architecture is mainly worked on the exterior features.Therefore modern architecture and traditional are definitely able to coexist. ‘To what extent do you agree or disagree? -modern & traditional building(Cathy. 2009). There is also a vast difference between modernity as an attitude and modernism as an architectural style. Modernity as an attitude, according to me, can co-exist with tradition. Modernity deals with transformation and change in the present and tries to incorporate it in buildings. Thus, it keeps changing with time. The standard steel frame and glass construction which was ‘modern' during the early 20th century is no longer modern today.

Why the triangle fire gave future workers and unions the idea to Research Paper

Why the triangle fire gave future workers and unions the idea to strike for better working condintions - Research Paper Example The fire in the factory took lives of 146 men and women, most of them in their teens.2 The incident triggered whole nation as it was not only failure of management who couldn’t provide better working conditions but also failure of the government in its ability to monitor the safety and well being of the people working in these factories. Industrial revolution was on a song during the period when more and more factories were built to produce garments and more women, mostly immigrants, were employed in these factories who silently worked in hazardous and dangerous working conditions. Most of the industries relied more and more on machinery which required human assistance to run and business owners depended on workers to stand in assembly lines, to throw switches and to turn gears so as to produce more output at low cost.3 The unsanitary conditions in the factory forced to workers to form a group and call a strike in 1909 of which 80 percent were women, demanding higher wages, fe w working hours and formation of union, an organization that would work towards improving the working conditions of employees. ... ed a committee to investigate about worker health, safety, well being, physical conditions of work, wages, hours, child labor, and even issues such as mandatory education, cleanliness, and toilet facilities. The loss of life by the fire incident gave rise to a movement to reform the safety rights of workers. The tragedy created outrage among worker community forcing the government to address workplace safety and create a Fire Department Prevention Division so as to eliminate the risk of fire hazards in cities sweatshops.7 The fire triggered sense among the people who looked upon the labor unions for protection and workplace safety resulting in dramatic rise in the membership of unions. The idea of providing better working conditions triggered state wide protests with union leaders carrying strikes for better pay, reduced number of hours, hygienic conditions and safety measures. Women organizations also formed which followed the incident and worked towards additional safety procedures and working conditions for women workers. The new law enacted which is called ‘Wagner Labor Act’ provided new and enforced laws like mandated sprinkler systems, fire escapes, education and prevention, no unlocking of door during working hours, etc along with protecting working in the unions and reduced the working hours to 54 hours for women and children apart from other safety regulations8. The labor act provided workers with information about their rights which became a motivation factor for most of the strikes carried out later on in the city. Women grew stronger and braver fighting for the cause of their rights which was evident during Philadelphia shirtwaist strike where women’s were more involved in the struggle to determine their goals, even in defiance of their union leaders

Marketing Plan for the Kidz-IDz Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Plan for the Kidz-IDz - Research Paper Example At the same time, the target market of the company is ready to take part in the educational process for learning different safety precautions. One of the important elements of the marketing plans is the marketing mix or most commonly known as the 4P’s of marketing (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). In this section the strategies of 4P’s of marketing with respect to the e-business are presented. Kidz-IDz presents the parents with different options and products which can facilitate the parents in the process of keeping the children safe. Different kits offered by the company includes different identification details about the child along with the picture identity. The main kit, known as Kidz-IDz kit consists of different products like identification card with photo, medical card, fingerprinting, and several other tools (Kidz-IDz). With the help of all of these tools, parents can make sure that all essential measures are taken for the safety of the children. This product will car ry all necessary information about the child and if he or she get lost somewhere or get indulge in some medical emergency, it will become easier to take life saving measures and contact the parents. Apart from this, the data and information can be converted into electronic information which can be forwarded to different institutions quickly in the case of emergency. Along with this the company allows the parents to update the data regularly in order to make sure that the data is not outdated. All these safety items.

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment Essay

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Essay Example This essay is based on the brief overview of the profile of John Mackey and his business activities. John Mackey is the co-founder of Whole Foods Markets, which is an organic grocery retail chain based in Austin, Texas. The company holds a valuation of $14 billion and holds its position among the Fortune 500 companies. In 1978, John Mackey founded a health food store called SaferWay. After two years, it merged with Clarksville Natural Grocery to form the parent company Whole Foods market. Mackey started his business with only 19 employees and it has grown significantly since then. Currently, the company operates with 410 stores in the UK, US, and Canada, with 88,000 employees. John Mackey and his business bring the attention to his entrepreneurial qualities because he has been able to increase his business operations from a single store to a large retail chain of stores that operates in overseas location as well. One can certainly learn for his strategies and know what it needs to be an entrepreneur. Apart from focusing on business activities, Mackey also engages in socially responsible activities. He is also the co-founder of the Conscious Capitalism Movement, which discusses ethical consciousness and how a business operation should be grounded on this concept. These characteristics have made John Mackey the person of interest for the entrepreneurial studies. This section will justify that John Mackey can be categorized as an entrepreneur, by discussing his activities based on theoretical background. The theoretical background of entrepreneurship stated that an entrepreneur must have certain characteristics which allow him to thrive towards his objectives of making his business grow. It has been mentioned that an entrepreneur must be creative and should be able to take risks.

Research design proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design - Research Proposal Example It is important to denote that descriptive research is effective in providing information concerning the behavior or characteristics of a particular group. Furthermore, a descriptive study is always carried out for purposes of demonstrating an association between things surrounding the world. Looking at this research, the researcher it is descriptive in nature. This is because it requires a researcher to make observations on the factors that cause domestic violence amongst the Hispanic community, and thereafter come up with a more reliable and accurate conclusion concerning the issue. Furthermore this research is concerned with analyzing the relationship amongst individuals. Berk (2006) denotes that one of the major characteristic of a descriptive research design is that it used to analyze the association between two or more groups. On this research qualifies to be use the descriptive research design for purposes of achieving its mandate. In carrying out this research, the researcher will rely mostly on three very important tools of descriptive research design. These tools are, observational, survey, as well as case study approaches (Creswell and Clark, 2007). Under observational research, the researcher will have the responsibility of identifying a group of particular Hispanic households, and analyze their ways of life, this includes whether there is violence or not amongst the identified families. This would therefore force a researcher to choose a population, and on this basis, the best strategy of choosing the population would be the use of a simple random technique. That is, the researcher will identify a least ten households, and randomly choose five, for purposes of observing their ways of life. Under case study approaches, the researcher will mainly rely on secondary sources of data collection to achieve this objective (Creswell and Clark, 2007). The researcher will have to look at journals, books, and

The Mongol Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Mongol Empire - Essay Example The history of the Empire started from 1218, when an interesting event shaped the empire and more particularly the life of Genghis Khan, from a nomadic person to the conqueror of the world. A trade convoy starting their travel from the Mongol lands, heading towards the Persian area that now lay in modern Uzbekistan, was stopped unexpectedly by the Persian State Ruler. The ruler suspected that the caravan was one of the Mongolian spies, so he mutilated the men, raped women and seized all the goods that the group was carrying with them. The doubt was not something out of the world; in fact, the Mongols were very intelligent people at gathering information from around the world that benefited them. At the Mongolian side, this was a strict violation of the peace treaty that assured that the trade caravans will be safe from any damage. And for Genghis Khan, this was an unforgivable violation. Genghis sent a letter to the Persian Empire that the Governor who conducted the offense must be i mmediately called to withdraw from his position. The Persians were not in a mood to change one of their loyal rulers. They turned the message that the Mongols had sent and put the Mongol emissaries to death. This was the background of the annexation of Persian Empire by the Mongols. Although the Mongols are famous for their frightful bloodshed fights, this initiation was not one of them. Here Genghis Khan used his mind to capture the commonwealth. The intellects of Persia were their driving force and Khan gave great respect to all of them.

Casuals by Steve Madden - summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Casuals by Steve Madden - summary - Essay Example This is one of the reasons as to why casuals came into the market. They ensure that the heel is folded into a flat when it is not needed (Simmons 1). SWOT Analysis The product has concentrated on several factors that have ensured it has actively and wholly penetrated the market. It has paid heed to its strengths in the fashion industry. The strengths include focus oriented approach for the customers, community and their employees. In relation to their employees, the company has ensured that they have the space to conduct their activities in the company. This ensures that they come with new strategies for the company, ensuring maximized profits (Simmons 1). They give back to the community as part of their corporate social responsibility and this augurs well with the community that surrounds them. As for their clients, they have created this classic yet comfortable lifestyle that many ladies have craved for in the fashion industry. The aspect of versatility and convenience is an added advantage as the shoe can be used for any occasion. This has led to the fact that many clients are aware of the shoes existence and they love it. One of the major weaknesses noted lies on the limited style ranges of the shoe. This is because of the limited capacity to incorporate different shoe ranges into the specific design in question. Another weakness is pegged on the fact that issues of access are limited to retail and online stores. This reduces the stores general revenue collected. The opportunities for the product lie in the broad market segment that is targeted by the product. The population of women who are looking for elegant style and comfort provide a wide array of potential consumers. The fact that the convertible shoe is new in the fashion industry creates the platform that many consumers will want to sample the new product in the fashion line. The innovation is threatened by competitors from other shoe companies. The companies are either adopting the same strategy or incorporating certain aspects and features that are giving the company a run for its money. The fashion industry is a very unpredictable industry (Kotler 12). The issue of economic and fashion trends are constantly hampering the way that the company plans to meet its set goals and objectives. These are the two threats to the creative innovation of elegant but stylish shoes that have been brought into the market. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning The product has segmented the market based on the concentrated marketing strategy. This is the strategy that ensures that each and every aspect of the market is segmented and dealt with. It has concentrated on women and their willingness to spend to access the product. This is based on demographic segmentation. The market has also segmented based on the ability to arouse the risk taking nature of many in the fashion industry. This forms the psychographic aspect of independent women who love to take risks at each and every point. The b enefit oriented segmentation approach is based on the women who know the benefits of wearing a heel at the right time and getting comfortable when they need to. This is without the excess baggage of carrying an additional pair of shoes. This segmentation works hand in hand with the geo demographic segmentation. This is the specific one that targets the specific women who are in the profile areas. They include the women in

Network security fundamentals, security threats, and issues Case Study

Network security fundamentals, security threats, and issues - Case Study Example In addition, data and information (in the form of communication) are often distributed all the way through the network as apparent text (for instance it is not twisted or encrypted). Additionally, using the Internet it is also simple to imitate someone else as they are online. On the other hand, there is at the moment a great deal of suspicion on the subject of internet security, however an excellent information is that we have a wide variety of tools and technologies accessible which can ensure the maximum security of our network against illegal interruption (McConnell, 2004). Normally, the use of a firewall is associated with the Internet. In fact, with the growing popularity of the Internet, the term â€Å"firewall† is a great deal more frequently employed in computer networks. Similar to the firewalls that are used in buildings and homes, computer firewalls take steps as a fence between computers on a network. A firewall is critical for the companies that use a computer ne twork or for individuals with a stable connection to the internet (for instance through cable or DSL). In addition, in the absence of a firewall, any unauthorized person on the network would possibly be able to access, wipe out, and move around to the files or data and information stored in our computer. ... Certainly, in some cases firewalls also block the required transmission, and throughout a frequent practice of alteration, the filters can be tailored to enhance their effectiveness (Wynn, 2012) Moreover, a firewall encompasses a wide variety of associated applications and tools, installed at a network gateway server, which ensures the security of the resources (data, information, and other resources) of a private network from outside users or people from other networks. Additionally, the network firewalls also refer to the security policies that are utilized with the applications and programs. In addition, a business organization having an intranet that facilitates its staff members to get access to the extensive Internet usage makes use of a firewall to stop unauthorized people from getting access to its own confidential data and information resources as well as for keeping an eye on what other resources its own users are able to access. In this scenario, a firewall works directly with a router program, which determines the characteristics of each network packet to decide whether it should be allowed to move toward its target or not. Additionally, a firewall also encompasses or can be installed on a proxy server that formulates network requests in support of terminal users. In some cases, a firewall is installed in a specifically selected computer that is other than the remaining network with the intention that no received requests or queries can reach openly at confidential network resources (Rouse, 2007). At the present, organizations are able to choose from a wide variety of firewall solutions. In fact, there are numerous firewall transmission techniques and tools. In this scenario, one well-known technique is to

Classical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical culture - Essay Example Thus, this paper considers even further if Christian influence positively affected European history as it is expected or if it did more harm to the nation than good. Christianity speaks about love, justice and humanity. These are important considerations not only socially but also politically. Therefore, for people in the past and today, this is expected to have a good influence in individuals and in groups of people as well. Quite profoundly, Europe’s history shows the actualization of this Roman Catholic doctrine as the patriarch did his best in making warring nations come to friendly terms. At a time when the nations were at war, it has been a good thing that the Roman Catholic Church was there to advocate peace and brotherly love, an act which cooled down arguments and put some sense in the heads of hot-tempered leaders. The rise of Christian power also opened the way to the arguments about equality which nearly led to the abolishment of slavery in Medieval Europe. Such liberal thoughts consequently resulted to scholars and studies which has become the foundations of modern researches. This means that Christianity did not only affect the political realms of Europe but it also influenced its economic and educational advancements. Nevertheless, despite the positive changes Christianity brought along to the nation, it has affected it negatively as well. The world has become familiar about the information on European Christians who used their membership to the church to exploit non-Christians. There were several deaths that occurred in the name of Christianity, considering the victims as evils who were doomed with their religion and cultural backgrounds. Once again, they re-lived the lives of ancient Biblical accounts of wars and claimed that it is but right for them to kill non-Christians as popular characters in the Bible have done. This is also perhaps the reason why

Financial managment Essay Example for Free

Financial managment Essay Education  in Pakistan KoolFree. Education  is only the weapon by which one can fight and conquer the battle of life. Theeducation  has been a very essential part of the different civilization of the   5. Education  problem in Pakistan  Essay  | Study Aim www. studyaim. com/2014/01/15/education-problem-in-pakistan-essay/? Jan 15, 2014   Education  problem in Pakistan  Essay. Here we discuss about the problem  education  system in pakistan so all viewers read  essay  with. Essay on Education  in Pakistan | Pacans Online – A Free   ww. pacansonline. com/content/essay-on-education-in-pakistan/? Jul 19, 2013   Education  is a fundamental human right. Pakistan is among those developing countries where people are mostly deprived of good quality   7. Why Is  Education  so Important  Essay   Ask. com www. ask. com †ºÃ‚  QA  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Society  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Other? Writing an  essay  on the importance of  education  for all is a great topic. Include statistics about drop out rates and the unemployment problem. Essay on education  system in Pakistan | Pacans – IELTS Lahore www. pacans. om/ essays essays/essay-on-education-system-in-pakista? Dec 5, 2013   Essay on education  system in Pakistan. The education system in Pakistan is not very good. It needs a lot of financial resources to establish so   9. Education  system in Pakistan –  Essay   Notes of life www. aamirilyas. com/education-system-in-pakistan-essay/? by Aamir Ilyas  Ã‚  in 52 Google+ circles Aug 24, 2012   An  essay on education  system in Pakistan, levels and types of education and educational institutions. English medium, run by education   10. Education essay   College  Essays   Tmjohnson04 StudyMode. com www. studymode. com †ºÃ‚  Home  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Education? Rating: 4. 5 ? 2 votes Tabitha Johnson Professor Penner English 1551. February 21, 2011. Education EssayEveryone would agree that  education  is a fundamental way of life. Searches related to  essay on education essay on  importance of  education short  essay on education essay on education  is the key to success what is  education importance of  education essay on education  system quotes  on education essay on  terrorism.

Ratio Analysis Of British Airways Plc Finance Essay

Ratio Analysis Of British Airways Plc Finance Essay British Airways PLC is the largest international airline of United Kingdom. It is based at the London Heathrow Airport and the busiest airports in the world. It is serves 96 million passengers a year using around 441 airports in 86 countries and more than thousand planes. British airway is fiercely competitive, heavily regulated and highly exposed to changes in customer behaviour and consumer confidence. British airway has a total market capitalisation of approximately  £3299 million, Shares in Issue 1153 million and the current share price is 286p. The past economic environment creates a new challenge to the company they concentrate their efforts to seize long-term opportunities for growth. 2. Background Feb 2008 In this fiscal year, British Airways is targeting a 10 percent operating margin, which is said to be the highest in its history, as it taps demand for premium travel It once again declared that it is targeting a full-year sales growth of 3 to 3.5 percent. May 2008 British Airways Operational Environment to keep up with competitors and to incorporate fuel efficient aircraft to its ageing fleet, British Airways signed a firm contract on 28 May 2008 for two Airbus A138 British Airways Report on British Airways The airways has an Operational Environment in order to keep up with its competitors and to combine its fuel efficient aircraft to its ageing fleet, British Airways has signed a firm contract for two Airbus A138 on 28 May 2008. Jul 2008 Merger talks were started between British Airways and Iberia in the year 2008 due to the decrease in passenger demand, whereas on the other hand the pension fund deficit was around 3 billion pounds ($5 billion) and the outcome of the combined entity was striking. British Airways plans to reduce seating, raise ticket prices as there was a 90% fall in the first quarter which was three days after announcing merger talks with Iberia. Mar 2009 By March, 2009 its revenues rose to  £8.99 billion whereas it was  £8.75 billion a year agoBritish Airways revenues rose to  £8.99 billion for the year ended March 31, 2009. The same stood at  £8.75 billion in the same period a year ago. Reduced passenger and cargo demand and high fuel prices last summer contributed to our 220 million pounds . The introduction of Reduced passenger and cargo demand and high fuel prices helped in the contribution of the 220 million pounds operating loss in the last year. April 2009 during the global recession period, Europes third- biggest carrier, the British Airways Plc, gave an approval of a voluntary severance for a total number of 300 workers because the traffic of passengers extended to a great deal. Jul 2009 By John Bowker LONDON (Reuters) British Airways (BAY.L) has not ruled out a major rights issue to help shore up its balance sheet but analysts see such a move as an absolute last resort and one that could destroy management credibility. Sep 2009 On this day the first EMBRAER 170 jet was delivered by Embraer in Sà £o Josà © dos Campos, Brazil, the headquarters, to British Airways. This aircraft was configured with 76 seats and in a singleclass layout, which will be operated by BA CityFlyer, British Airways wholly owned regional subsidiary. Also to mention that the regional subsidiary operates international and domestic routes from London City Airport. Oct 2009 A new service is to be launched by the British Airways from Gatwick to Montego bay, Punta Cana twice in a week. Nov 2009 British Airways (BA) has operated for 23 years at London Heathrow and finally has bid farewell to the facilty. Jan 2010 British Airways has been operating Japan in the past 62 years and at present it operates 7 flights in a week between London Heathrow and Narita International Airport. British Airways Flying Club Piper PA-28-236 G-ODAK. Shoreham 6/3/ 2010. Sep 2010 British Airways provides an Increase in the number of Flights to the Caribbean Just the Filed in: Flight, Travel Campbell River Firm Restoring the Past DC-3 Called a Flying Time Capsule 3. Ratio analysis 3.1. Ratio Analysis- British Airways PLC RATIO 2010 2009 B/W Operating profit margin 231 7994 2.89% 220 8992 2.45% B Current 2674 3740 .71 2346 4142 .56 B Quick 2674-98 3740 .69 2346-127 4142 .54 B Fixed Asset turnover 7994 7973 1 8992 8142 1.1 W Return on capital employed 231 10677-3740 3.33% 220 10488-4142 3.47% W Return on equity 425 2113 20.11% 358 1846 19.39 % B Debt to equity 4824 2113 2.28 4500 1846 2.43 B Dividend yield 5.20 122.8 4.23% 5.02 150.9 3.33% B Price to earning ratio 250 38.5 6.49 137.5 32.6 4.21 W Earning yield 38.5 250 15.4% 32.6 137.5 23.7% W Return on total assets 425 10677 3.98% 358 10488 3.41% B Sales per employee 7994 79097  £ 518565.8 8992 72375  £ 490196.9 B Stock turnover 412 x 365 25842 5.819 days 417 x 365 21890 6.953 days W Dividend cover 38.5 5.20 1.123 32.6 5.02 2.502 W Account receivable turnover 499 x 365 7994 22.78 days 530 x 365 8992 21.51 days W Account payable turnover 3160 x 365 25842 44.63 days 2963 x 365 21890 49.41 days W Total Asset turnover 7994 10677 0.75 8992 10488 .86 W Gearing 4824 4824+2113 69.54% 4500 4500+1846 70.91% B 3.2. Interpretation and Explanations of ratios 3.2.1. Operating profit margin The  Operating Profit Margin measures the Operating Profit in relation to the Net Sales.   This reveals the operating efficiency of the company. The higher the Operating Profit Margin, then more efficient is the business. Operating Profit   Operating Profit Margin  = Sales   As a result of analysis, the operating profit margin of the year 2009 is 2.45% and that of the year 2010 is 2.89%. The operation margin of the year 2010 is higher than that of the year 2009, so it can be concluded that the company is performing an efficient operation. 3.2.2. Current ratio The current ratio compares all the Current Assets of a company to all the Current Liabilities.   What this ratio basically tells us is if the company had to sell all its readily available assets, would it be able to pay off its immediate debt? A ratio under  1 suggests that the company  would  be  unable to pay off  its obligations if they came due at that point. Current Assets Current Ratio = Current Liabilities As a result of analysis, the current ratio of the year 2009 is 0.56 and that of year 2010 is 0.71. Current ratio of both years is below 1 so it can be concluded that the company is not in good financial health. Also it can be said that the company is performing good since the current ratio of 2010 is higher when compared to that of 2009. . 3.2.3. Quick ratio Also called the Acid-Test Ratio, the  current ratio compares all the Current Assets of a company to all the Current Liabilities just like the Current Ratio, but the Inventories are subtracted from the Current Assets. Current Assets Inventory Quick  Ratio = Current Liabilities As a result of analysis, quick ratio of the year 2009 is 0.54 and that of the year 2010 is 0.69. Current ratio of 2010 is higher than 2009, so the company is in a favourable position 3.2.4. Fixed Asset turnover The  Fixed Asset Turnover is measure  a companys effectiveness in  generating  Net Sales  revenue from investments back into the company. The higher the Fixed Asset Turnover ratio, the more effective the companys investments in Net Property, Plant, and Equipment have become. Sales     Fixed Asset Turnover = Fixed asset   From the analysis of the last two years, fixed asset turnover of the year 2009 is 1.1 and the year 2010 is 1. Fixed asset turnover is low in the year 2010, so it can be said that the company is not as effective compared to the year 2009. 3.2.5. Return on Capital employed It is a ratio that indicates the  efficiency  and profitability of a companys capital investments. ROCE should always be higher than the rate  at which  the  company  borrows otherwise any increase in borrowing will reduce shareholders earnings. Operating profit     Return on capital employed = Total assets   Current liability As a result of analysis, the return on capital employed of the year 2009 is 3.47% and the year 2010 is 3.33%. Return on capital employed of the year 2010 is less than the year 2009, so it can be said that, profitability of the company is less when compared to 2009. 3.2.6. Return on equity The  Return on Equity measures the Net Earnings in relation to the Equity.   Return on Equity describes how well contributions from  stockholders  generated earnings for the company. Net Earnings   Return on Equity =   Equity   From the analysis of return on equity ratio, it is 19.39% for the year 2009 and 20.11% for the year 2010. In the year 2010 return on equity ratio is high, so profitability of the company is high compared to 2009. 3.2.7. Debt to equity ratio The Debt to  Equity  Ratio compares the companys dollar amount owed to creditors to the dollar amount supplied by investors of the company.   debt   Debt to Equity Ratio = Equity   As a result of analysis, the debt to equity ratio of the year 2009 is 2.43 and that of the year 2010 is 2.28. Ratio of the year 2010 is low, so it can be said that the company is at favourable position. 3.2.8. Dividend yield A financial ratio that  shows how much a  company  pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price.  In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on investment for a  stock. Dividends per Share   Dividend Yield = Share price As a result of analysis, the dividend yield of the year 2010 is 4.23% and the year 2009 is 3.33%, so it can be concluded that cash flow in the year 2010 is more than in the year 2009. 3.2.9. Earnings per share The  Earnings Per Share compares Net Earnings to the number of Shares, and is simply how much earnings has been generated per one share of stock during the period reported. Profit after tax   Earnings Per Share = Number of share   As a result of analysis, the earnings per share for the years 2009 and 2010 are 12.56p and 5.84p. Earnings per share in the year 2010 are less compared to the year 2009, so it can be said that the company is not performing good. 3.2.10. Price to Earnings ratio The Price to Earnings Ratio  compares the Share Price to the Earnings per Share.   This ratio is a quick measure of how expensive the stock of a company may be. Share Price     Price to Earnings Ratio = Earnings Per Share From the analysis of the price to earnings ratio, it is 6.49 for the year 2010 and is 4.21 for the year 2009. So it can be concluded that the companys share has gone down in the year 2010 when compared to the year 2009. 3.2.11. Earning yield It is the earnings per share for the most recent 12-month period divided by the current market price per share. The earnings yield shows the percentage of each dollar invested in the stock that was earned by the  company. Earnings Per Share     Earning yield = Share Price As a result of analysis, the earning yield for the year 2009 is 23.7% and the year 2010 is 15.4%. Investment percentage of the year 2010 is lower than the year 2009, so the company has not been performing well in the year 2010. 3.2.12. Return on total assets The Return on Total Assets  measures the profit before interest in relation to the Total Assets.   The Return on Total Assets identifies how well the investments of the company have generated earnings back to the company. Higher the ROA number, the better, because the company is earning more money on less investment. Profit before interest   Return on Total Assets = Total Assets As a result of analysis, the return on total assets of the years 2010 and 2009 are 3.98% and 3.41% respectively. Return on total assets in the year 2010 is higher when compared to the year 2009 and hence it can be said that the company has earned high with its investment in the year 2010. 3.2.13. Sales per employee The name indicates how the sales/employee ratio is calculated: a companys annual sales divided by its total employees. Higher sales-per-employee figures are generally considered more efficient than those with lower figures. Sales revenue   Sales per employee = Average number of employees As a result of the analysis, sales per employee of the years 2009 and 2010 are  £ 490196.9 and  £ 518565.8 respectively. Sales per employee of year 2010 are higher than that of the year 2009 and hence in the year 2010 the company has earned more profit with a fewer number of employees compared to the previous year. 3.2.14. Stock turnover (in days)   Stock turnover ratio  shows how many times over the business has sold the value of its stocks in terms of days. A high stock turnover is better, because money is then tied up for a lesser time in stocks. Sales x 365   Stock turnover (in days) = Cost of sales The result of analysis of stock turnover for the years 2009 and 2010 are 6.953 days and 5.819 days. Stock turnover in the year 2010 is lower than the year 2009. So turning the stock of the company to money in the year 2010 is better. 3.2.15. Dividend cover The dividend cover ratio tells us how easily a business can pay its dividend from profits. A high dividend cover means that the company can easily afford to pay the dividend and a low value means that the business might have difficulty paying a dividend. Earnings per share   Dividend cover = Dividend per share As a result of analysis, the dividend cover of the year 2009 is 2.502 and the year 2010 is 1.123. Dividend cover of 2010 is lower than the year 2009. Hence it is difficult for the company to pay dividend in the year 2010 compared to 2009. 3.2.16. Account receivable turnover This is the ratio of the number of times that accounts receivable amount is collected throughout the year. A high  accounts receivable turnover ratio  indicates a tight credit policy. A low or declining  accounts receivable turnover ratio  indicates a collection problem, part of which may be due to bad debts. Debtor x 365   Account receivable turnover = Sales Form the analysis of the account receivable turnover; it is 22.78 days for the year 2010 and 21.51 days for the year 2009. Account receivable turnover of the year 2010 is higher, and so, collection in the year 2010 is hard compared to the year 2009. 3.2.17. Account payable turnover The measure shows investors how many times per period the company pays  its average payable amount.   If the turnover ratio is falling from one period to another, this is a sign  that the company is taking longer to pay off  its suppliers than  it was  before.   Creditor x 365   Account payable turnover = Cost of sales From the analysis of account payable turnover it is 49.41 days for the year 2009 and 44.63 days for the year 2010. Account payable turnover of the year 2010 is less, so it can be concluded that the company is taking longer time to pay off  its suppliers than the year 2009.   3.2.18. Total Asset turnover The amount of sales generated for every pounds worth of assets. It is calculated by dividing sales in pounds by assets in pound. The higher value of asset turnover is better. Sales     Total Asset Turnover = Total Assets   As a result of analysis, the total asset turnover of years 2010 and 2009 are 0.75 and 0.86. In the year 2010, asset turnover is less, so the company was not effective as in the year 2009. 3.2.19. Gearing ratio Gearing is a measure of financial leverage, demonstrating the degree to which a firms activities are funded by owners funds versus creditors funds.  A company with high gearing is more vulnerable to downturns in the  business cycle. Debt     Gearing ratio = Debt + Equity   From analysis, the gearing ratio of the years 2010 and 2009 are 69.54% and 70.91% respectively. Gearing ratio of the year 2010 is less compared to that of 2009, so the company had a good financial strength in the year 2010. 4. The impact of current events Revenue of the company was decreased to 7,994 m in the year 2010 which was favourable for the company Earnings per share in the year 2010 and 2009 were 38.5 and 32.6 and hence the companys earnings from shares are high compared to the year 2008. Operating profit of the company is high in the year 2009 compared to the year before. This is good for the company. The company has failed to give enough dividends in the year 2009 compared to the previous year. So it has failed to attract the shareholders. Total equity of the company has increased in the year 2010 which is not a good sign for the company. Cost of sale of the company is raised in the year 2009 compared to the previous year. Thus the companys expenditure has been increased in 2009. Hence, cost of sale should be reduced by the company. Account receivable turnover is higher in the year 2010 when compared to the year 2009, which is not good for the company. Account payable turnover is high in the year 2009 compared to the previous year which is not favourable for the company. Fixed asset turnover of the company is almost equal in the last two years and hence this does not have any impact on the company. From the ratio analysis most of the ratios turned positive result. This is shows that the company performing well. From the above analysis and the financial data of the company, we can say that the companys performance is good in the year 2010 when compared to the previous year. 5. Prediction for the future The British Airways PLC Company has performed well in the last year compare that of past years. and this may be because of the financial crisis which occurred in the year 2009.as a result of the above analysis the company is expected to perform well in future in order to maintain its standard. For this it should enhance the services and offers given to the customers and also provide good and reliable service. This may help in attracting more customers. The company should offer more facilities compared to the other telecommunication companies and this will greatly help the company to develop and grow in the forthcoming years. Conclusion The Vodafone group PLC is a well-established international company in the telecommunication sector and has a good name in the market. The company has failed to perform well in the year 2009 compare to the year 2008 and this may be because of the financial crisis. But in spite of the crisis it had a good financial history in the past years. So there is a strong hope that Vodafone Group PLC will perform well in the coming years.

Quantitative Methods to Research Intimacy

Quantitative Methods to Research Intimacy Jason Green Part 1 Question: Write a report on the usefulness of quantitative methods for describing intimacy, focusing  on the particular method of surveys. You should include the following: a definition of quantitative methods a description of surveys as a particular method consideration of the distinctive kinds of description that surveys generate examples of the usefulness of surveys for describing intimacy. Answer: Science begins with the question’s what is it I want to know, How is the best way that I can get to achieve results that are desired. However, this can only become science when the correct methodology has been chosen, Also that the matter of research can be justified There are also moral and ethical principles that can affect the type and structure or even methodology of the undertaken research. When looking at trying to describe the subject of intimacy many strands of information would need to be gathered, but the real question is which method should be used in the pursuit of the correct results. When trying to achieve any possible answer in ether social science or science as a whole. In our research there are many tools or ways or rather it could be better-said methods to obtain an answer. One method could possibly be used to achieve an answer. But to obtain a more valid and qualify able answer more than one method might be deemed to be used in the search for obtaining the required results that we might desire to gather. Then maybe it could be concluded that for us to get the best results that multi methodology should be applied to gain an unbiased factual conclusion to the research project that could actively be supported by the methods applied. The Quantitative methods could be said to be a more inhuman approach than other methods that might be used in research. The quantitative method is a more sterile clinical method and could be describe like a man standing in front of a window looking in. it has a detached approach. Rather than concerning itself with the data rather than the individual meanings and experience. This method is concerned with looking to identify any patterns, trends and relationships or any other required data from the ‘outside’, The Quantitative methods sets it site and looks at a wider band of the population. With this method, we are so much less concerned with the specifics of the individual’s meanings and experience’s, but it rather looks at the data as a whole and the individual becomes a statistic in the data that collated. (Barns Barnett, 2014 pp.68) The Quantitative methodology in general, is next to useless for answering questions that we may look at. It does not look at or is able to analyse the structures and maybe the processes that con and possibly will be observed in behaviour that in underlying Nevertheless, quantitative can be said to be invaluable where the bases of behaver could well said to be not understood. It is important to recognise that the quantitative tend to produce different descriptions of social phenomena, and can support different understandings of social processes. (Barns Barnett, 2014 pp.35) In research, one way that makes things really easier is by doing a survey. A survey is best described as short interview or talk. When we use the word survey, it can be unfortunately ambiguous or better said open to more than one interpretation. Therefore, it needs to be better defined. The term survey is mainly used to mean the collection of information. Someone wanting to ask you questions in the town centre may have stopped you. However, to say there is one definition of survey would not be very correct the first as you have read in the earlier paragraph, which is to collect information. A second definition is it is to collect data. It could be defined as a third, which is a specific type of survey research. They ways of collecting survey data are: Questionnaires– which are a series of written questions that are answer by the subject? This method is used to gain answers to questions that would require simple responses’ (agree/disagree/ no options). Then we have Interviews questions put forward to a subject to obtain information about him or her. This type of survey in more like a formal interview like you would have with your bank manager or maybe a new employer when looking for a job. Finally we have Surveys themselves– It might well seem be an error using survey as a description of survey but no it is not actually an error. A Survey is actually a specific type of survey. It is an interview with the researcher asking only a limited amount of questions to a subject. On the face of it, surveys may not seem well suited to the task of gathering data on matters that are sensitive and personal. However, conducted properly and with an understanding of the design and structure limitation and the way that it is implemented it is capable of just that. Has demonstrated, conducted properly and with an awareness of the limitations of survey design and implementation, they are capable of doing just that. With surveys on intimacy and to not just read anything into the data that is extracted from the surveys but rather to examine that data with a critical eye so that there is no error in the understanding of the data achieved. In addition, it remains one of the most powerful tools available to scientists and researchers to gain an understanding of social and scientific studies on intimacy. The Data, which surveys generate helps to shape our understanding of sexual behaviour and intamacy. It also has opened new avenues in research now and in the future (Barns Barnett, 2014 pp.94) The usefulness of this can be seen looking at research carried out already by Kinsey and Natsal. They performed surveys in both informed public debates about sexuality and intimate life. Their intention was inform public debate about sexuality and intimacy in life. Their research and surveys had an unpredicted result in social science the helped reshaped the social world as it was understood. It made visible social phenomena as a scale of whole populations and as was learnt from this in research there are consequences. One of the major impacts if we return to Kinsley study’s again was that of making same sex gender visible as never before gay and lesbian couples instead of being hidden in innuendo and rumour now with this statistics the level of such could be seen as fact. (Barns Barnett, 2014 pp.89) Bibliography EditedbyMarkBanks andCliveBarnett. (2014) ‘TheUsesofSocialScience (DD206), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.35-94 DVD ROM (2014), ‘TheUsesofSocialScience (DD206), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.35-94

Analysis Of The Final Scenes Of Alfred Hitchcocks Notorious :: essays research papers

Analysis of the Final Scenes of Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After viewing Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious for the first time, the film did not strike me as particularly complex. Nothing specific about the film lodged itself in my brain screaming for an answer—or, at least, an attempted answer. Yet, upon subsequent viewings, subtle things became more noticeable. (Perhaps Hitchcock's subtlety is what makes him so enormously popular!) Hitchcock uses motifs and objects, shot styles and shifting points of view, and light and dark to help explain the relationships between Alicia, Devlin, Sebastian and Mrs. Sebastian, and an overall theme of being trapped. An analysis of the film from the first poisoning scene to the final scene in the film shows how the above tools lead to a better understanding of the character's motivations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most obvious recurring object in the final scenes is the poisoned coffee cup. In the first scene of the portion being analyzed, Sebastian suggests to Alicia that she drink her coffee, and Hitchcock zooms onto the object as she slowly takes a sip. In a later scene, Mrs. Sebastian pours the coffee into the cup for Alicia, and sets it on a small table in front of her. Here, Hitchcock not only zooms in on the small teacup, but heightens the sound it makes connecting to the table, includes it in every shot possible, and shows us not only the full coffee cup, but the empty cup as well after Alicia has drank it. Again, the cup is zoomed in on after Alicia realizes she's being poisoned. Because the coffee is poisoned, the coffee itself becomes a metaphor for life and death, supported by the fact that the poisoner herself ours it, and the shots of the full and empty teacup. In this way, it also suggests Alicia's inability to escape her situation—whenever she drinks the coffee, she becomes trapped due to the poison in her cup—and the poison in her sham of a marriage..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A repeated object not so noticeable is Mrs. Sebastian's needlework. Mrs. Sebastian is constantly working on her needlepoint while Alicia is being poisoned. Hitchcock, in fact, goes out of his way to make sure that a shot of her `toiling at her work' is included several times. One cannot help but be reminded of Dickens classic A Tale of Two Cities—with Madame Defarge knitting everyone's fate into her work. At the beginning of the film, Devlin hands Alicia a handkerchief, and a scarf, which she keeps, but returns to him in this segment. These pieces of cloth throughout the film help tie Alicia to the

Mexico Essay -- Mexican Economy, Politics

Mexico is a country that has long been thought of as being an impoverished nation, with many more people who are among the poor that those who can be reasonably be considered to be wealthy. In recent years the Mexican people have had a dramatic change in their demographic outlook, with the largest change being in the fertility rate having dropped from 6.5 in the early 70’s to its current rate of 2.2 – easily the fastest rate of decline in the world today. With the importance of family to the Mexican people it is hard to imagine that these new rates will be sustainable in the future and will have dramatic negative implications for the economies of both Mexico and the United States as the population ages without replacement workers (McGoldrick, Giordano & Garcia-Preto, 2005; Sedano, 2008). The Mexican people are a people who find their roots amongst the Mayan, Aztecan and other Native American people. They also often share an ancestry with the European Spanish who conquered and settled much of what is today Mexico and the American Southwest. Their common language is Spanish and the majority of Mexican people follow the Catholic religion, which interestingly has changed in many ways to include many of the traditions and symbols of the other more ancient religions that were practiced before the Spanish conquest and the forced conversion of the natives. There still runs a deep attachment to â€Å"folk† medicine to cure ailments that are most likely caused by stress or other psychological means such as fright, the â€Å"evil eye† and even indigestion (McGoldrick, et. al., 2005). The family in Mexico is predominantly patriarchal in nature there is also a great deal of respect that is due the mothers of the family. Family types range from nuclea... ...e more educated parents (McCabe, 2002). It was discovered that such factors as income, perceptions of stigma, expectations of therapist directness, therapist-client match and even acculturation had no significant effect of the dropout rates. The greatest predictors were instead, parental belief in strict discipline in reaction to behavioral and emotional problems along with the perception of barriers to getting treatment (McCabe, 2002). While it is seen that acculturation may increase the ability of the client to seek assistance and that the acculturation of the parents may help them better understand the role of therapy in helping with behavioral and emotional problems will help more adolescents with these problems seek help it does was shown that improving the parents expectations and attitudes towards therapy may have beeter retention outcomes (McCabe, 2002).

Network Security Essay

Firewall:- A firewall is a software program or a piece of information that help screen out hackers, virus, worms and Trojan horse that try to reach to your computer over the internet. If you use a computer at home the most efficient and important step to help your computer to protect by turning on your firewall. If you have a more than one computer connects in home. It is important to protect every computer. You should have a hardware firewall (such as router) to protect your network, but you should also use software firewall on each computer to prevent the spread of virus your network. If your computer is a part of business, you should follow the policy established by network administrator. How it works:- When your firewall protection is turned on, everything that goes in and out of the network is monitored. The firewall monitors allows ‘good data’ in and block ‘bad data’ from entering your network. Firewall uses one or combination of the following method to control the traffic in and of the network:- 1) Packet filtering:- The most basic form of firewall software uses pre-determined rules to create different filters. If an incoming packet of data (small chunk of data) is flagged by the filters, it is not allowed through. Packets that make it through the filters are sent to requesting system and all others are discarded. 2) Proxy services:- A proxy service is an application that acts as an intermediary between systems. Information from the internet is received by the firewall and sent to the requesting system and vice versa.   Proxy server operates at the application layer of firewall, where both ends of the connection are forced to conduct session through the proxy. They operate by creating and running a process on the firewall that mirrors a service as if it were running on the host end, and thus centralize all the information transfer to the firewall for scanning. 3) Stateful inspection:- The most modern method of firewall scanning that does not rely on memory intensive examination is ‘Stateful inspection’. A Stateful firewall  holds significant attributes of each connection of trusted information for the duration of session. These attributes which are collectively known as state of the connection may include ip addresses, ports involved in the network and number of packets being transferred. Types:- There are two types of firewall that are as follows:- Hardware firewall. Software firewall. 1) Hardware firewall:- Hardware firewall built into the device such as routers and can protect every single machine on a network and require little configuration for efficient work. They mostly use packet filtering technique to examine the header of the packet, determining source and destination, then comparing the data to a set of predefine rules, they decide whether to ignore the packet or forward to the next step or to its final destination. 2) Software firewall:- Software firewalls are the most popular protection method for home users. They usually come as standalone applications or as a part of complete antivirus protection software. That is why it is mostly used in personal network. Antivirus such as bull guard provides besides providing protection for inbound and outbound traffic. A software firewall also protects against worms and Trojan horses. The software firewall must be regularly protected to keep up the latest technology updates and provides effective protection. NOTE:- Each type has advantages and disadvantages, ranging from ease of implementation to high initial cost. Companies should use the firewall as part of overall information security program that includes data integrity, application integrity and data confidentiality and authentication.